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《数据结构、算法与应用C++语言描述》使用C++语言实现数组队列

定义

队列的定义

队列（queue）是一个线性表，其插入和删除操作分别在表的不同端进行。插入元素的那一端称为队尾（back或rear），删除元素的那一端称为队首（front）。

队列的抽象数据类型

数组队列实现代码

_17queue.h

抽象类栈。

/*
Project name :			allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date:		2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version:			V1.0
Descriptions:			队列的抽象类
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _QUEUE_H_
#define _QUEUE_H_
template<class T>
class queue
{
public:virtual ~queue() {}virtual bool empty() const = 0;//返回true,当且仅当队列为空virtual int size() const = 0;//返回队列中元素个数virtual T& front() = 0;//返回头元素的引用virtual T& back() = 0;//返回尾元素的引用virtual void pop() = 0;//删除首元素virtual void push(const T& theElement) = 0;//把元素theELment加入队尾
};
#endif

_18arrayQueue.h

/*
Project name :			allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date:		2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version:			V1.0
Descriptions:			数组存储的队列的头文件
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _ARRAYQUEUE_H_
#define _ARRAYQUEUE_H_
#include<sstream>
#include<iostream>
#include "_1myExceptions.h"
#include "_17queue.h"
#include <cmath>
/*测试函数*/
void arrayQueueTest();using namespace std;
template<class T>
class arrayQueue : public queue<T>
{
public:/*成员函数*/arrayQueue(int initialCapacity = 10);~arrayQueue() { delete[] queue; }bool empty() const { return theFront == theBack; }int size() const //返回队列的元素个数{return (queueLength - theFront + theBack) % queueLength;}void clear() { theFront = theBack = 0; }/*清空队列中的元素*/int capacity() const { return queueLength-1; }//返回第一个元素T& front(){if (theFront == theBack)throw queueEmpty();return queue[(theFront + 1) % queueLength];}//返回最后一个元素T& back(){if (theFront == theBack)throw queueEmpty();return queue[theBack];}//删除队首元素void pop(){if (theFront == theBack)throw queueEmpty();theFront = (theFront + 1) % queueLength;queue[theFront].~T();}//向队尾插入元素theElementvoid push(const T& theElement);/*调整队列容量大小*/void resizeQueue(int newLength);void meld(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//合并队列a,b到当前队列void split(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//将当前队列分成两个队列a,b/*重载操作符*//*重载[]操作符*/T operator[](int i){ return queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]; }/*友元函数*/friend istream& operator>> <T>(istream& in, arrayQueue<T>& m);//输出但是不pop()元素friend ostream& operator<< <T>(ostream& out, arrayQueue<T>& m);
private:int theFront;       // 第一个元素的前一个位置int theBack;        // 最后一个元素的位置int queueLength;    // 队列的容量，实质上比队列容量(不包含queueFront指向的那一个位置)大1T* queue;           // 指向队列首地址的指针
};
/*友元函数*/
/*>>操作符*/
template<class T>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, arrayQueue<T>& m)
{int numberOfElement = 0;cout << "Please enter the number of element:";while (!(in >> numberOfElement)){in.clear();//清空标志位while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入continue;cout << "Please enter the number of element:";}T cinElement;for (int i = 0; i < numberOfElement; i++){cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";while (!(in >> cinElement)){in.clear();//清空标志位while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入continue;cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";}m.push(cinElement);}return in;
}
/*<<操作符*/
template<class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, arrayQueue<T>& m)
{int size = m.size();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)out << m.queue[(m.theFront + i + 1) % m.queueLength] << "  ";out << endl;return out;
}
/*成员函数*/
/*构造函数*/
template<class T>
arrayQueue<T>::arrayQueue(int initialCapacity)
{if (initialCapacity < 1){ostringstream s("");s << "Initial capacity = " << initialCapacity << "Must be > 0";throw illegalParameterValue(s.str());}queue = new T[initialCapacity+1];queueLength = initialCapacity+1;theFront = theBack = 0;
}/*向队尾插入元素theElement*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::push(const T& theElement)
{//首先检查队列是否已满，如已满，则将队列容量加倍if ((theBack + 1) % queueLength == theFront)resizeQueue(2 * (queueLength-1));    theBack = (theBack + 1) % queueLength;queue[theBack] = theElement;
}
/*调整队列容量大小*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::resizeQueue(int newLength)
{T* temp = new T[newLength + 1];int size = min((*this).size(), newLength);for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)temp[i] = queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]; queueLength = newLength+1;theFront = newLength;theBack = size - 1;delete[] queue;queue = temp;
}/*
创建一个新的队列，该表包含了a和b中的所有元素，其中a和b的元素轮流出现，表中的首
元素为a中的第一个元素。在轮流排列元素时，如果某个队列的元素用完了，则把另一个队列的其
余元素依次添加在新队列的后部。代码的复杂性应与两个输入队列的长度呈线性比例关系。
归并后的线性队列是调用对象*this
*/
template <class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::meld(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b)
{(*this).clear();int i = 0;while (i < a.size() && i < b.size()){push(a[i]);push(b[i]);i++;}while (i < a.size()){push(a[i]);i++;}while (i < b.size()){push(b[i]);i++;}
}/*生成两个线性队列a和b，a包含*this中索引为奇数的元素，b包含其余的元素*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::split(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b)
{a.clear();b.clear();int size = (*this).size();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){if (i % 2 == 0)a.push(queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]);elseb.push(queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]);}
}
#endif

_18arrayQueue.cpp

/*
Project name :			allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date:		2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version:			V1.0
Descriptions:			测试_18arrayQueue.h头文件中的所有函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include "_18arrayQueue.h"
using namespace std;/*测试函数*/
void arrayQueueTest()
{cout << endl << "*********************************arrayQueueTest()函数开始*************************************" << endl;arrayQueue<int> a;//测试输入和输出cout << endl << "测试友元函数*******************************************" << endl;cout << "输入输出************************" << endl;cin >> a;cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;cout << endl << "测试成员函数*******************************************" << endl;cout << "empty()*************************" << endl;cout << "a.empty() = " << a.empty() << endl;cout << "size()**************************" << endl;cout << "a.size() = " << a.size() << endl;cout << "capacity()**********************" << endl;cout << "a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;cout << "push()**************************" << endl;cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;a.push(99);a.push(22);cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;cout << "front()*************************" << endl;cout << "a.front() = " << a.front() << endl;cout << "back()**************************" << endl;cout << "a.back() = " << a.back() << endl;cout << "pop()***************************" << endl;cout << "before pop arrayQueue a is:" << a;a.pop();a.pop();cout << "after pop arrayQueue a is:" << a;cout << "resizeQueue()*******************" << endl;cout << "before resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity()<<endl;a.resizeQueue(4);cout << "after resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;cout << "a.front() = " << a.front() << endl;cout << "a.back() = " << a.back() << endl;a.push(88);cout << "after resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;cout << "meld()**************************" << endl;arrayQueue<int> b;cin >> b;cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;cout << "arrayQueue b is:" << b;arrayQueue<int> c;c.meld(a, b);cout << "arrayQueue c is:" << c;cout << "split()*************************" << endl;arrayQueue<int> d;arrayQueue<int> e;c.split(d, e);cout << "arrayQueue c is:" << c;cout << "arrayQueue d is:" << d;	cout << "arrayQueue e is:" << e;cout << endl << "测试成员函数性能***************************************" << endl;cout << "push()**************************" << endl;arrayQueue<int> f;double clocksPerMillis = double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC) / 1000;clock_t startTime = clock();for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++)f.push(i);double pushTime = (clock() - startTime) / clocksPerMillis;cout << 10000 << " push took " << pushTime << " ms" << endl;cout << "*********************************arrayQueueTest()函数结束*************************************" << endl;}

main.cpp

/*
Project name :			allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date:		2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version:			V1.0
Descriptions:			main()函数，控制运行所有的测试函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include "_18arrayQueue.h"int main()
{arrayQueueTest();return 0;
}

_1myExceptions.h

/*
Project name :			allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date:		2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version:			V1.0
Descriptions:			综合各种异常
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#define _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#include <string>
#include<iostream>using namespace std;// illegal parameter value
class illegalParameterValue 
{public:illegalParameterValue(string theMessage = "Illegal parameter value"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// illegal input data
class illegalInputData 
{public:illegalInputData(string theMessage = "Illegal data input"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// illegal index
class illegalIndex 
{public:illegalIndex(string theMessage = "Illegal index"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// matrix index out of bounds
class matrixIndexOutOfBounds 
{public:matrixIndexOutOfBounds(string theMessage = "Matrix index out of bounds"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// matrix size mismatch
class matrixSizeMismatch 
{public:matrixSizeMismatch(string theMessage = "The size of the two matrics doesn't match"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// stack is empty
class stackEmpty
{public:stackEmpty(string theMessage = "Invalid operation on empty stack"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// queue is empty
class queueEmpty
{public:queueEmpty(string theMessage = "Invalid operation on empty queue"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// hash table is full
class hashTableFull
{public:hashTableFull(string theMessage = "The hash table is full"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// edge weight undefined
class undefinedEdgeWeight
{public:undefinedEdgeWeight(string theMessage = "No edge weights defined"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};// method undefined
class undefinedMethod
{public:undefinedMethod(string theMessage = "This method is undefined"){message = theMessage;}void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}private:string message;
};
#endif