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Rust技术空间
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跨平台使用调研
iOS使用Rust调研
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一、iOS 项目接入 Rust Library
约定：
iOS 项目目录 DemoApp
Rust Library：demo-library-ffi
1.1、Rust Library
将 Rust Library 代码 Clone 到 iOS 项目根目录下: DemoApp/demo-library-ffi；
修改 DemoApp/rust-library/Cargo.toml，将 Rust Library 修改为静态库
[lib]
crate-type = [“staticlib”]
在 DemoApp 目录下创建一个新的顶层 Cargo.toml 文件：
[workspace]
members = [
“demo-library-ffi”
]
现在可以直接使用 cargo build 来生成 rust 静态库了：
DemoApp/target/debug/demo-library-ffi.a
1.2、iOS Project
1.2.1
打开 Xcode target configuration → Build Phases → Link Binary with Libraries 选项卡，选择 Add files，将前面生成的 DemoApp/target/debug/demo-library-ffi.a 文件添加进去；
是的，这个不是最终我们需要的正确静态库文件，因为它只有当前打包机器的架构，不要紧，我们会在下面步骤中修复它；
1.2.2
用文本编辑器打开 project.pbxproj，搜索并替换 Debug 和 Release 两处 LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS
LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS = (
“ ( i n h e r i t e d ) " , " (inherited)", " (inherited)","(PROJECT_DIR)/target/debug”,
);
Debug 替换为：
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphoneos*][arch=arm64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / a a r c h 64 − a p p l e − i o s / d e b u g " ; " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e s i m u l a t o r ∗ ] [ a r c h = a r m 64 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios/debug"; "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=arm64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/aarch64−apple−ios/debug";"LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator∗][arch=arm64]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios-sim/debug”;
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=x86_64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / x 8 6 6 4 − a p p l e − i o s / d e b u g " ; R e l e a s e 替换为： " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e o s ∗ ] [ a r c h = a r m 64 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/x86_64-apple-ios/debug"; Release 替换为： "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphoneos*][arch=arm64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/x8664−apple−ios/debug";Release替换为："LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphoneos∗][arch=arm64]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios/release”;
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=arm64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / a a r c h 64 − a p p l e − i o s − s i m / r e l e a s e " ; " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e s i m u l a t o r ∗ ] [ a r c h = x 8 6 6 4 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios-sim/release"; "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=x86_64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/aarch64−apple−ios−sim/release";"LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator∗][arch=x8664]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/x86_64-apple-ios/release”;
1.2.3
再次打开 Build Phases 选项卡，添加一个 Script，并移动到 Compile Sources 上方，可以命名为： Build Rust library ：
bash ${PROJECT_DIR}/bin/compile-rust-lib.sh demo-library-ffi $RUSTBUILDCONF
第二个参数 RUSTBUILDCONF是传递给脚本的环境变量，我们先定义它们：
打开 Build Settings 选项卡，点击 + 添加 User-Defined Setting，为其命名 RUSTBUILDCONF 并根据构建变量选择一个值：Debug 中填写 DEBUG，Release 中填写 RELEASE。
1.2.4
构建脚本 bin/compile-rust-lib.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [ “$#” -ne 2 ]
then
echo “Usage (note: only call inside xcode!):”
echo “compile-rust-lib.sh <FFI_TARGET> ”
exit 1
fi
what to pass to cargo build -p, e.g. rust_lib_ffi
FFI_TARGET=$1
RUSTBUILDCONF from our xcconfigs
RUSTBUILDCONF=$2
RELFLAG=
if [[ “$RUSTBUILDCONF” != “DEBUG” ]]; then
RELFLAG=–release
fi
set -euvx
if [[ -n “${DEVELOPER_SDK_DIR:-}” ]]; then
Assume we’re in Xcode, which means we’re probably cross-compiling.
In this case, we need to add an extra library search path for build scripts and proc-macros,
which run on the host instead of the target.
(macOS Big Sur does not have linkable libraries in /usr/lib/.)
export LIBRARY_PATH=“ D E V E L O P E R S D K D I R / M a c O S X . s d k / u s r / l i b : {DEVELOPER_SDK_DIR}/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib: DEVELOPERSDKDIR/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib:{LIBRARY_PATH:-}”
fi
IS_SIMULATOR=0
if [ “${LLVM_TARGET_TRIPLE_SUFFIX-}” = “-simulator” ]; then
IS_SIMULATOR=1
fi
for arch in A R C H S ; d o c a s e " ARCHS; do case " ARCHS;docase"arch" in
x86_64)
if [ $IS_SIMULATOR -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Building for x86_64, but not a simulator build. What’s going on?” >&2
exit 2
fi
# Intel iOS simulatorexport CFLAGS_x86_64_apple_ios="-target x86_64-apple-ios"$HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target x86_64-apple-ios;;arm64)if [ $IS_SIMULATOR -eq 0 ]; then# Hardware iOS targets$HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target aarch64-apple-ioselse$HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target aarch64-apple-ios-simfi
esac
done
二、问题调研
- Rust访问网络是否需要原生语言的干预？需支持协议如：gRPC/RESTful/WebSocket/UDP
Rust 可以直接访问网络，并不需要原生语言的干预 - Rust与原生语言的协作方式，FFI/JNI or 其他？
FFI
cbindgen
rsbind - 如何接收Rust发起的回调？
使用函数指针，可以参考这个人的代码：https://github.com/thombles/dw2019rust/blob/master/modules/07%20-%20Swift%20callbacks.md
或者使用 rsbind - Rust是否可以直接访问本地（图片/文件）/沙箱文件？
https://docs.rs/cacao/latest/cacao/index.html - Rust是否可以直接访问本地数据库？本地支持哪些常用数据库并且Rust有相应的封装？
可以直接使用 sqlite，如果要用 CoreData，需要通过 FFI - 构建时各平台的构建步骤以及命令
参考 1.2.4
或者使用 rsbind - Android/iOS端异常调用栈的分析方法，是否有工具/框架可以配合
- 打包后包大小的变化
1.网络
方案1: reqwest, 关闭bitcode的情况下，包增加7.6MB
2.数据库
方案1:rusqlite, 关闭bitcode的情况下，包增加3.6MB